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自顶向下的规划和自底向上的设计都包括很多内容。
Ⅰ．关键成功因素分析 Ⅱ．目标管理分析
Ⅲ．分布式分析 Ⅳ．实体分析
Ⅴ．建立主题数据库 Ⅵ．建立数据模型
Ⅶ．建立企业模型 Ⅷ．物理数据库设计
以上内容中，哪些是属于自顶向下规划的内容
A.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ
B.Ⅲ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ
C.Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ
D.Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ

A.关键成功因素分析
B.目标管理分析
Ⅲ．分布式分析
C.实体分析
Ⅴ．建立主题数据库
D.建立数据模型
Ⅶ．建立企业模型
E.物理数据库设计
以上内容中，哪些是属于自顶向下规划的内容
A.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ
B.Ⅲ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ
C.Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ

【参考答案】

A
解析：自顶向下的规划包括很多内容。其中包括：关键成功因素分析、目标管理分析、实体分析、主题数据库研究、建立企业模型等。

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Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason onE.Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kinD.We conform. or do not conform. to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling forcE.And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimatE.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortivE.Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankinD.Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death--the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existencE.By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of lifE.To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avengeD.An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these comE.The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellencE.Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? Tile answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for sciencE.When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remolds aspiration, itA.the pursuit of rationality through imaginationB.an unemotional search for the truthC.a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is bestD.a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness

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Animal EinsteinsWhen it comes to intelligence, human beings are the top dogs of the animal kingdom. Or so we tell ourselves. But in recent years, scientists have been documenting surprising intelligence and emotional depth in animals ranging from humble honeybees to thundering elephants. Through studies in labs and in the wild, researchers have found animals communicating complex ideas, solving problems, using tools and expressing their feelings — behaviors once thought to be uniquely human.The intelligence we're talking about is more than, say, training a dog to detect cancer in humans, a feat that may save many lives. It's the ability of the animal to use an innate trait for a complex purposE.Here are, some amazing examples.Artistic Monkey BusinessWhen Janet Schmid became executive director of the Little River Zoo in Norman, Oklahoma, in 1996, she learned a lot about the intelligence of monkeys. She and her husband adopted a young male who had a naughty personality, and named him Mr. Bailey. The monkey particularly liked taking car rides, insisting that he insert the ignition key and ride shotgun in the passenger's seat. 'He loved to duck below the window as we'd come to an intersection', Schmid recalls, 'When we'd stop, he'd jump up and laugh at the car next to us, just to get a rise out Of the passengers'.Now 12 years old, Mr. Bailey has become an avid painter. He uses a variety of brush strokes to create colorful, abstract canvases and, like any temperamental artist, prefers not to be disturbed while creating his art. 'He'll paint steadily for almost an hour and won't let anyone interrupt him until he puts down his brush', says SchmiD.'He's amazing to watch bemuse you can tell there's a thought process occurring. When we raised him, we quit watching TV because be was so entertaining'.Ivy League ParrotThe term birdbrain is considered an insult, but some birds actually are pretty brainy. One African grey parrot in suburban Boston is said to have the cognitive abilities of a five-year-old chilD.Alex (for Avian Learning Experiment) is a 29-year-old bird that's been tutored most of his life by Irene Pepperberg, PhD, a Harvard-educated professor now teaching at Brandeis University. Alex can identify 50 different objects, seven colors, five shapes, quantities up to six, and the concepts of bigger, smaller, same and different. 'And he said, 'I'm tarry'', reports Pepperberg. 'He knew what was appropriate to say'.Pepperberg insists that Alex makes reasoned decisions — meaning he possesses language abilities once thought to separate humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. During an experiment in 2004, researchers gave Alex different-colored blocks in sets of two, three and six. When asked which color group bed five blocks, Alex replied, 'None'. And he repeated the answer in duplicate tests. Although Alex had previously learned the term to describe the difference between two identically sized objects, he apparently interpreted the concept of 'none' as an absence of quantity all on his own.'The important thing was not just that he understood a zero-like concept', says Pepperberg, 'but that he was able to take information from one domain and apply it to another. That's a lot like a high school student answering questions on a quiz show'.Such feats have made Alex a celebrity.Cultured Orangutans (猩猩)Because orangutans and humans share 97 percent of the same DNA, it's no surprise that the primates exhibit impressive brainpower. Take Chantek, a 28-year-old living in Zoo AtlantA.Raised like a human child by anthropologist H. Lyn Miles, PhD, Chantek learned to use a toilet, clean his room and receive an allowance, which he spent on trips to McDonald's. Today he knows more than 150 words in sign language and can comprehend spoken English. Likened to a four-year-old child, he can alA.YB.NC.NG

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