单项选择题
Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory denied that consciousness and extension are inherent characteristics of two finite substances, treating Line them instead as attributes of the infinite substance of a transcendent intelligence. While mental occurrences can dictate only other mental occurrences and physical motions can determine only other physical motions,mind and body exist in pre-established coordination, since the same self-consistent intelligence establishes affinities and connections within both classes.Another alternative, psychophysical parallelism, retains both the dualism of mind and body and the notion of a regular correlation between mental and physical events, but avoids any assumption of causal mind-body connection,direct or indirect. Psychophysical parallelism eschews interactionism, stating that mental and physical could not possibly affect one another, and also rejects occasionalism and dual-aspect theory on the grounds that no third entity,including a transcendent intelligence, could be responsible for such vastly different effects.Parallelists accept only pure correlations, not causation, between mental and physical events.
(A) A man looks in a mirror and, as a result, of the effect of cognition, sees his own reflections.
(B) One thought in a sentient entity leads, by virtue of the stream of consciousness, to another thought.
(C) A match is struck, and through the effects of a physical law, it ignites into flame.
(D) Every time a pingpong ball is bounced, a tree falls, but through no causal relationship.
(E) A human being makes a mental judgment based on physical phenomena he has observed.