问答题

ABC公司研制成功一台新产品,现在需要决定是否大规模投产,有关资料如下:
(1)公司的销售部门预计,如果每台定价3万元,销售量每年可以达到10000台;销售量不会逐年上升,但价格可以每年提高2%。生产部门预计,变动制造成本每台2.1万元,每年增加2%;不含折旧费的固定制造成本每年4000万元,每年增加1%。新业务将在明年1月1日开始,假设经营现金流发生在每年年底。
(2)为生产该产品,需要添置一台生产设备,预计其购置成本为4000万元。该设备可以在今年年底以前安装完毕,并在今年年底支付设备购置款。该设备按税法规定折旧年限为5年(折旧按年提取,投入使用当年提取全年折旧),净残值率为5%;经济寿命为4年,4年后该项设备的市场价值预计为500万元。如果决定投产该产品,公司将可以连续经营4年,预计不会出现提前中止的情况。
(3)生产该产品所需的厂房可以用8000万元购买,在今年年底付款并交付使用。该厂房按税法规定折旧年限为20年,净残值率5%。4年后该厂房的市场价值预计为7000万元。
(4)生产该产品需要的营运资本随销售额而变化,预计为销售额的10%。假设这些营运资本在年初投入,项目结束时收回。
(5)公司的所得税税率为25%。
(6)该项目的成功概率很大,风险水平与企业平均风险相同,可以使用公司的加权平均资本成本10%作为折现率。新项目的销售额与公司当前的销售额相比只占较小份额,并且公司每年有若干新项目投入生产,因此该项目万一失败不会危及整个公司的生存。
要求:
(1)计算项目的初始投资总额,包括与项目有关的固定资产购置支出以及营运资本增加额。
(2)分别计算厂房和设备的年折旧额以及第4年末的账面价值。
(3)计算第4年末处置固定资产现金净流量。
(4)计算各年项目现金净流量以及项目的净现值。
年度
0
1
2
3
4
设备、厂房投资





收入





税后收入





变动成本





固定成本(不含折旧)





付现成本





税后付现成本





折旧





折旧抵税





该年需要的营运资本





营运资本投资





收回的营运资本





处置固定资产现金净流量





项目现金净流量





折现系数
1.oooo
0.9091
0.8264
0.7513
0.6830
续表
年度
O
1
2
3
4
项目现金净流量现值





项目的净现值





(5)假设其他因素不变,每年的税后营业现金流入可以提高10%,以第(4)问的结果为基准值,计算税后现金流入变动对净现值的敏感系数。
(6)叙述敏感分析的局限性。

【参考答案】

(1)厂房投资8000万元
设备投资4000万元
营运资本投资=3×10000×10%=3000(万......

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