Divorce is transforming the lives of American children. In the past World War II generation, more than 80 percent of children grew up with both biological parents. Today only half will do so. Each year more than a million children experience family breakup: about as many are born out of wedlock. At the same time, the problems associated with family disruption have grown. Overall child well-being has declined, despite historically high public spending. The teen suicide rate has almost tripled. Juvenile crime has increased and become more violent. School performance has been poor. Over the past 25 years Americans have been conducting a vast natural experiment in family life. The results are becoming clear. Adults have benefited from the changes, but not children. Indeed, this may be the first generation to do worse psychologically and socially than their parents. The novelist Pat Conroy has observed that "Each divorce is the death of a small civilization." No one feels this more acutely than children.