单项选择题

The transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air above it depends on a disequilibrium at the interface of the water and the air. Within about a millimeter of the water, air temperature is close to that of the surface water, and the air is nearly saturated with water vapor. But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content. The air is mixed by means of turbulence that depends on the wind for its energy. As wind speed increases, so does turbulence, and thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study. An interacting—and complicating—phenomenon is wind-to-water transfer of momentum that occurs when waves are formed. When the wind makes waves, it transfers important amounts of energy—energy that is therefore not available to provide turbulence. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. According to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following

A. Causes relatively cool, dry air to come into proximity with the ocean surface.
B. Maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air.
C. Causes frequent changes in the temperature of the water at the ocean’s surface.

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Initially the Vinaver theory that Malory’s eight romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified, were in fact eight independent works produced both a sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. Vinaver’s theory comfortably explained away the apparent contradictions of chronology and made each romance independently satisfying. It was, however, disagreeable to find that what had been thought of as one book was now eight books. Part of this response was the natural reaction to the disturbance of set ideas. Nevertheless, even now, after lengthy consideration of the theory’s refined but legitimate observations, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the eight romances are only one work. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modem novelist. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Malory’s works

A. There are meaningful links between and among the romances.
B. The subtleties of the romances are obscured when they are taken as one work.
C. Any contradictions in chronology among the romances are less important than their overall unity.

单项选择题

The more definitions a given noun has, the more valuable is each one. Multiple definitions, each subtly different from all the others, convey multiple shades of meaning. They expand the uses of the word. In the context in which it appears, shades most nearly means

A. reminders.
B. nuances.
C. obscurities.
D. coverings.
E. degrees.