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Eight Tips for Eating Well A healthy balanced diet contains a variety of types of food, including lots of fruit, vegetables and starchy (淀粉类) foods such as wholemeal bread and wholegrain cereals; some protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, eggs and lentils; and some dairy foods. 1. Base your meals on starchy foods Starchy foods such as bread, cereals, rice, pasta and potatoes are a really important part of a healthy diet. Try to choose wholegrain varieties of starchy foods whenever you can. Starchy foods should make up about a third of the food we eat. They are a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in our diet. As well as starch, these foods contain fiber, calcium, iron and B vitamins. Most of us should eat more starchy foods—try to include at least one starchy food with each of your main meals. So you could start the day with a wholegrain breakfast cereal, have a sandwich for lunch, and potatoes, pasta or rice with your evening meal. Wholegrain foods contain more fiber and other nutrients than white or refined starchy foods. We also digest wholegrain foods more slowly so they can help make us feel full for longer. 2. Eat lots of fruit and vegetable Most people know we should be eating more fruit and vegetable. But most of us still aren’’t eating enough. Try to eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and vegetable every day. It might be easier than you think. Try adding up your portions during the meals throughout the day. You can choose from fresh, frozen, tinned, dried or juiced, but remember potatoes count as a starchy food, not as portions of fruit and vegetable. 3. Eat more fish Most of us should be eating more fish—including a portion of oily fish each week. It’’s an excellent source of protein and contains many vitamins and minerals. Aim for at least two portions of fish a week, including a portion of oily fish. You can choose from fresh, frozen or canned—but remember that canned and smoked fish can be high in salt. What are oily fish Some fish are called oily fish because they are rich in certain types of fats, called omega 3 fatty acids, which can help keep our hearts healthy. How much oily fish Although most of us should be eating more oily fish, women who might have a baby one day should have a maximum of 2 portions of oily fish a week (a portion is about 140g). And 4 is the recommended maximum number of portions for other adults. Anyone who regularly eats a lot of fish should try and choose as wide a variety as possible. 4. Cut down on saturated (饱和的) fat and sugar Fats To stay healthy we need some fat in our diets. What is important is the kind of fat we are eating. There are two main types of fat: --saturated fat—having too much can increase the amount of cholesterol (胆固醇) in the blood, which increases the chance of developing heart disease --unsaturated fat—having unsaturated fat instead of saturated fat lowers blood cholesterol Try to cut down on food that is high in saturated fat and have foods that are rich in unsaturated fat instead, such as vegetable oils, oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds. Foods high in saturated fat are: meat pies, sausages, meat with visible white fat, hard cheese, butter and lard, pastry, cakes and biscuits, cream, soured cream and crème frache, coconut oil, coconut cream or palm oil. For a healthy choice, use just a small amount of vegetable oil or a reduced-fat spread instead of butter, lard or ghee. And when you are having meat, try to choose lean cuts and cut off any visible fat. Sugar Most people are eating too much sugar. We should all be trying to eat fewer foods containing added sugar, such as sweets, cakes and biscuits, and drinking fewer sugary soft and fizzy drinks. Having sugary foods and drinks too often can cause tooth decay, especially if you have them between meals. Many foods that contain added sugar can also be high in calories so cutting down could help you control your weight. How do I know if a food is high in added sugar Take a look at the label. The ingredients list always starts with the biggest ingredient first. But watch out for other words used to describe added sugars, such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, hydrolyzed starch and invert sugar, corn syrup and honey. If you see one of these near the top of the list, you know the food is likely to be high in added sugars. Another way to get an idea of how much sugar is in a food is to have a look for the "Carbohydrates" (碳水化合物) figure on the label. But this figure can’’t tell you how much is from added sugars, which is the type we should try to cut down on. High is more than 15 g sugars per 100g. Low is 5g sugars or less per 100g. If the amount of sugars per 100g is in-between these figures, then that is a medium level of sugars. Remember that the amount you eat of a particular food affects how much sugars you will get from it. Sometimes you will only see a figure for total "Carbohydrates" , not for "Carbohydrates (of which sugars)" , which means the figure also includes the carbohydrate from starchy foods. 5. Try to eat less salt—no more than 6g a day Eating too much salt can raise your blood pressure. And people with high blood pressure are three times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke than people with normal blood pressure. Adults and children over 11 should have no more than 6g salt a day. Younger children should have even less. Remember that the amount you eat of a particular food affects how much salt you will get from it. 6. Get active and try to be a healthy weight It’’s not a good idea to be either underweight or overweight. Being overweight can lead to health conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure or diabetes. Being underweight could also affect your health. If you’’re worried about your weight, ask your a dietitian (营养学家) for advice. But if you think you just need to lose a little weight, the main things to remember are: --only eat as much food as you need --make healthy choices—it’’s a good idea to choose low-fat and low-sugar varieties, eat plenty of fruit and vegetable and wholegrains --get more active It’’s also important to eat a variety of types of food so you get all the nutrients your body needs. Physical activity is a good way of using up extra calories, and helps control our weight. But this doesn’’t mean you need to join a gym. Just try to get active every day and build up the amount you do. For example, you could try to fit in as much walking as you can into your daily routine. Try to walk at a good pace. Whenever we eat more than our body needs, we put on weight. This is because we store any energy we don’’t use up—usually as fat. Even small amounts of extra energy each day can lead to weight gain. 7. Drink plenty of water We should be drinking about 6 to 8 glasses (1.2 liters) of water, or other fluids, every day to stop us getting dehydrated. When the weather is warm or when we get active, our bodies need more than this. But avoid drinking soft and fizzy drinks that are high in added sugar. Alcohol There is nothing wrong with the occasional drink. But drinking too much can cause problems. Alcohol is also high in calories, so cutting down could help you control your weight. Women can drink up to 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day and men up to 3 to 4 units a day, without significant risk to their health. A unit is half a pint of standard strength (3% to 5% ABV) beer, lager or cider, or a pub measure of spirit. A glass of wine is about 2 units and alco-pops are about 1.5 units. For good health, it’’s a good idea to spread your drinking throughout the week and avoid binge drinking. Drinking heavily over a long period of time can damage the liver. 8. Don’’t skip breakfast Breakfast can help give us the energy we need to face the day, as well as some of the vitamins and minerals we need for good health. Some people skip breakfast because they think it will help them lose weight. But missing meals doesn’’t help us lose weight and it isn’’t good for us, because we can miss out on essential nutrients. Research shows that eating breakfast can actually help people control their weight. This is probably because when we don’’t have breakfast we’’re more likely to get hungry before lunch and snack on foods that are high in fat and sugar, such as biscuits, doughnuts or pastries. So why not go for a bowl of wholegrain cereal with some sliced banana and a glass of fruit juice for a healthy start to the day Eating too much salt can raise your cholesterol.