填空题

Demography is the statistical study of human population
It can be a-general science that can be applied to any kind
of dynamic population, that is, one that changed over (1)______
the time or space. It encompasses the study of the size, (2)______
structure and distribution of populations, and spatial or
temporal changes in them in response to birth, death,
migration and aging.
Human demography is the most well known discipline
of demography, and typically what people refer when (3)______
using the term demography. Demographic analysis
can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by
criterion such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. (4)______
In academia, demography is often regarded as a branch
of either economy or sociology. Formal demography (5)______
limits its object of study to the measurement of populations
processes, when the more broad field of social demography (6)______
studies also analyze the relationships between
economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing on (7)______
a population.
Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is regarded as the "father of demography"
for his economic analysis of social organization which
produced the first scientific and theoretical work on
population, development, and group dynamics. At the end of the
18th century, Thomas Malthus concluded that, if unchecked,
populations would be subject to exponential growth. He feared
that population growth would intend to outstrip growth in food (8)______
production, leading to ever increased famine and poverty; he (9)______
is seen as the intellectual father of ideas of overpopulation and
the limits for growth. Later more sophisticated and realistic (10)______
models were presented by Benjamin Gompertz and Verhulst.