Demography is the statistical study of human population It can be a-general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changed over (1)______ the time or space. It encompasses the study of the size, (2)______ structure and distribution of populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, death, migration and aging. Human demography is the most well known discipline of demography, and typically what people refer when (3)______ using the term demography. Demographic analysis can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by criterion such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. (4)______ In academia, demography is often regarded as a branch of either economy or sociology. Formal demography (5)______ limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes, when the more broad field of social demography (6)______ studies also analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing on (7)______ a population. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is regarded as the "father of demography" for his economic analysis of social organization which produced the first scientific and theoretical work on population, development, and group dynamics. At the end of the 18th century, Thomas Malthus concluded that, if unchecked, populations would be subject to exponential growth. He feared that population growth would intend to outstrip growth in food (8)______ production, leading to ever increased famine and poverty; he (9)______ is seen as the intellectual father of ideas of overpopulation and the limits for growth. Later more sophisticated and realistic (10)______ models were presented by Benjamin Gompertz and Verhulst.