单项选择题

上消化道出血的主要临床表现是（ ）。

A.上腹部疼痛
B.呕血、黑便
C.鲜血便
D.恶心、呕吐
E.反酸、嗳气
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Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and govern-ment-sponsored management and technical assistance(5) available to minority business enterprises. While thisprogram enabled many minority entrepreneurs toform. new businesses, the results were disappointing,since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations,and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15(10) years after the program was implemented, minoritybusiness receipts were not quite two percent of the nationaleconomy’s total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted anapproach intended to accelerate development of the(15) minority business sector by moving away from directlyaiding small minority enterprises and toward supportinglarger, growth-oriented minority firms through interme-diary companies. In this approach, large corporationsparticipate in the development of successful and stable(20) minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by aparticipating company to establish a Minority EnterpriseSmall Business Investment Company or MESBIC.TheMESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority(25) businesses that have potential to become future suppliersor customers of the sponsoring company.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providingestablished firms with easier access to relevant manage-ment techniques and more job-specific experience, as(30) well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firmsa greater opportunity to develop sound business founda-tions than does simply making general managementexperience and small amounts of capital availablE.Further, since potential markets for the minority busi-(35) nesses already exist through the sponsoring companies,the minority businesses face considerably less risk interms of location and market fluctuation. Followingearly financial and operating problems, sponsoringcorporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above(40) the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generatesufficient income and to sustain the quality of manage-ment needeD.MESBIC’c are now emerging as increas-ingly important financing sources for minority enter-prises.(45) Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist ofHispanic and Black professionals, tend to approachinvestments in minority firms more pragmatically thando many MESBIC directors, who are usually seniormanagers from sponsoring corporations. The latter(50) often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsi-bility approach” and thus seem to prefer deals that areriskier and less attractive than normal investment criteriawould warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have pro-duced uneasiness among many minority staff members,(55) who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businessesshould be judged by established business considerations.These staff members believe their point of view is closerto the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they areconcerned that, unless a more prudent course is fol-lowed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likelyto re-create the disappointing results of the original SBAapproach.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A.The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.B.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.C.After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady ratE.D.Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form. new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.E.For the first time since 1960, large corporations are making significant contributions to the development of minority businesses.
A.Recently
B.
MESBIC’s
C.
Further,
D.
(45)
E.
These
F.
Which
G.The
H.
B.There
I.
C.After
J.
D.Minority
K.
E.For
L.
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听力原文：C项涉及专属管辖，专属管辖具有强制性和排他性，根据《民事诉讼法》第34条第(1)项的规定，孙某应当向B市法院起诉，C项正确。A项涉及协议管辖，因协议管辖涉及当事人对自己诉讼权利的处分，但不得损害社会利益，法律规定其必须具备一定的条件，根据《民事诉讼法》第25条的规定，孙某和李某、王某对房屋买卖合同的管辖约定，违反了我国法律关于专属管辖的规定，无效。因此，孙某不应当向A市法院起诉，A项是错误的。BD项涉及选择管辖，适用《民事诉讼法》第14条、第22条的规定，但由于本案属于专属管辖，具强制性和排他性，所以BD住所在A市的孙某欲将其所有的位于B市市中心的一家商业店铺出售。正好C市的李某与D市的王某欲联合在B市做生意，二人看中了孙某的这家商业店铺。经过数次协商后，孙某最终与李某、王某签订商业店铺买卖合同，并在合同中约定：若双方发生合同争议，应当将争议提请A市人民法院管辖。后双方因商业店铺价金支付发生纠纷，现孙某欲向法院起诉李某和王某，请求确认该买卖合同无效，并赔偿自己损失。下列说法正确的是( )
A.他应当向A市人民法院起诉
B.他可以任意选择向B市、C市或D市人民法院起诉
C.他只能向B市人民法院起诉
D.他可以选择向C市或D市人民法院起诉
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