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Text 4
Thomas Huxley (’’Darwin’s bulldog") is said to have come up with the most famous defense of the atheist belief that life was created by chance. In a debate at Oxford, he is reported to have stated that if enough monkeys randomly pressed typewriter keys for a long enough time, sooner or later Psalm 23 would emerge. Not all atheists use this argument, but it accurately represents the atheist belief that with enough time and enough solar systems, you’ll get you, Bach’s cello suites, and me. This belief has always struck me as implausible, and although I fully acknowledge the great challenge to theism--the rampant and seemingly random unfairness built into human life, no intellectually honest atheist should deny the great challenge to atheism--the existence of design and intelligence.
Scientists have taken up Huxley’s proposition and found from experiments with monkeys near a typewriter that very few even ended up hitting any key. After the experiment, mathematicians then calculated that each monkey typed a steady 120 characters a minute it would take 10 to the 813th power (10 followed by 813 zeros) monkeys about five years to knock out a decent version of Shakespeare’s Sonnet. The finite number of years in the universe’s existence would not come close to producing a few sentences, let alone a Shakespeare play.
Professor Robert Jastrow, one of the greatest living astronomers, head of the Mount Wilson Observatory, and an agnostic, best explained the atheism of many scientists. Jastrow tells of his surprise when so many fellow astronomers refused to accept the Big Bang hypothesis for the origins of the universe. In fact, Jastrow writes, many astronomers were actually unhappy about it. Why Because the Big Bang implied a beginning to the universe, and a beginning implies a Creator, something many scientists passionately reject. This led Jastrow to the sobering conclusion that many scientists have vested, nonscientific interests in some of their beliefs, especially the non-existence of a Creator. Neither maths nor science argues that all came about randomly, without a Creator. Only a keen desire to deny one explains such a belief, a belief that should be laid to rest.

The last paragraph indicates that（）

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