单项选择题

As with spoken language, written language is always used for a purpose. People read a text 1 they think that it will enable them to find answers to questions that they are interested in answering. People write to express an 2 or to give information to particular readers. There are, of course, many different purposes for reading and writing and different purposes will 3 different reading and writing styles.
In general, written language is structurally more "correct" than spoken language. It has clear word and sentence 4 and its information is more densely packed. More is said in 5 words. However, written language also contains both structural and contextual redundancy and this can help readers to 6 the text.
Written language is often structurally more 7 than spoken language. This is because when people write they have 8 to think about what they want to write and are able to 9 to what they have written and revise it as often as they wish. This greater structural complexity is one factor that may make a text 10 to understand.
When people read in their first language, they do not usually read every word in the text. Readers 11 their eyes across and down the text stopping at groups of words (fixations) to check for meaning. The speed with which people read 12 their purpose for reading and on how 13 a range of possible meanings their brain has to choose from at every fixation. 14 readers use the structural and contextual redundancy of the language, their 15 of what they have already read and the general knowledge they already have to 16 what will come next, and so 17 the number of possible choices that the brain has to consider at any fixation.
Both writers, when choosing how to express their 18 meaning for the audience that they have in mind, 19 readers, when interpreting writers" meaning, rely not only on their linguistic knowledge, but 20 their general knowledge of the context in which they are reading and writing. Such knowledge, whether specifically linguistic or contextual, is stored in the long-text memory.

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