TEXT C Surprisingly enough,
modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the
American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously
and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural
history of Britain’s North American Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed.
The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has
been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture.
However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the
rest of American society during the early period, following its own unique
pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests
upon two related premises: flint, that the cultural similarities among the five
Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second,
that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other
colonies①. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of
evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more
problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the
use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis
decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians
to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently
adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against
which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials.
Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between
the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early
settlement, in attitudes toward nature and native Americans, and in the degree
of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences②.
However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of
early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such
as the strong religions orientation and the communal impulse, were not even
typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies
of Massachusetts and Connecticut③. Thus, what in contrast to the
Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a
strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate
metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the
cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also
almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from
Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire④. Within the larger
framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan
colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been
rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial
period. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Without the cultural diversity of the South, American colonial culture would have been homogeneous. B.Contributions of Southern colonials were overshadowed by that of the Puritans. C.Convergence (not divergence) seems to have featured the cultural development of the American colony in 1700s. D.Colonial period American culture was more sensitive to outside influence than historians acknowledged.