单项选择题

The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who (1) their gentlemen of leisure. For us, hard work (2) idleness was the way (3) distinction.
Now, (4) , like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under (5) . In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to be another of those notions that the dominant forces of our society (6) on the rest of Us. It (7) advances white-male interests (8) any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out.
In a recent survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to (9) factors that (10) to success in the classroom. Of the Japanese, 72 percent listed hard work first (11) only 27 percent of Americans agreed.
Many factors contribute to the devaluing of hard work. Thinking that self-esteem is crucial, many parents and teachers (12) to point out the student’s failing, even laziness. To make matters (13) , Americans place an unusually high value on the idea of innate ability. And (14) inevitably deemphasizes the role that hard work plays in success. (15) if our students fail to see that hard work (16) , it is because we are telling them time and again, that it (17) . If we want young people to esteem hard work, it is UP to us to show them its worth, its strength and its significance in everyday life.
And while we are at it, we should make sure they know there are many ideas to which we can all (18) . The notion that these values cannot (19) class, race more than the idea of hard work. It can call into question (20) there can be an American creed—a public philosophy for us all.

19（）

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