单项选择题

Income
Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production--namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.
Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.
On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.
The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.
The passage implies that

A. people willingly pay taxes because they want to do something useful to the country.
B. people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others.
C. people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not.
D. people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.
热门 试题

单项选择题
A. monitored B. reckoned C. shown D. formulated
A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest danger to a holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the (51) unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ship (52) during the Second World War capsized because of loss of (53) .
Pacer System of Burlington, Massachusetts has now refined a system devised by a reserve U.S. Navy officer, Stephen Drabouski. The computer is programmed with every possible eventuality of flood damage. Once the actual damage is keyed into the computer the operator is told by the computer (54) the implications are—and what can be done to re-establish the vessel.
Trials on the American aircraft carrier USS Midway have (55) that the re action time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship was (56) by two Exocet missiles causing flooding to 30 (57) receipt of the flood damage information in the damage control centre to a full printout of damage, effects, (58) countermeasures and an assessment of the result of the countermeasures.
In a re-run of the incident (59) the computer program the damage control officer took four and a quarter hours to establish the effects, of the damage and another four hours (60) a decision could be taken on countermeasures.Although the system can be used to provide (61) control officers with advice, they do not, of course, have to (62) the information. Quite often the " (63) solution" will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be asked for alternatives or the operator (64) interrogate the computer to find out what would happen if the officer’s (65) solution was put into action.