Preventing Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries especially low-and-middle-income countries, are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20 % of women and 5-10 % of men report being sexually abused as children. While 25-50 % of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse). Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, bums and drowning. Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioral, physical and mental health problem. Via the behavioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including cost of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health cost. A number of risk factor for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special need, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT______.
A．they frequently and easily cry B．they are in infant’s or in adolescent period C．they are often neglected by their parents or friends D．they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents