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Skin Cancer

Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer, is now the most common cancer in (51) British women, the country’s leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has (52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.
The trend is particularly (53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible (易患的) to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are (54) highest in people over age 75.
But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the (55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make (56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.
Based on current numbers, Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth (57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,000 cases a year to more than 15,500.
Cancer experts (58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. "Spending time on sun beds is just as (59) as staying out too long in the sun," said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart (60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.
"The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10 (61) stronger than the midday sun," Cerny said.
In the United States, several states require parental approval (62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and (63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors’ use of tanning salons.
In the U. K. , Scottish politicians passed legislation banning those under 18 from using tanning beds, though it hasn’t yet been implemented. There are no plans for (64) in the rest of the U. K.
The World Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.
Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be (65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.

56（）

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C.off
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The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications".
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense ceils designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.
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