Because Ireland is an island geographically near the mainland of the United Kingdom, English rulers have fought since the Middle Ages to retain political control over it. Attracted by the lush farmland, English and Scottish landowners settled there, and in time of famine or political unrest, the local workers suffered, while their landlords were cushioned by their wealth. The history of modern Ireland is, in fact, largely a story of antagonism and resentment between the Irish and their English and Scottish rulers.
Since the 1920’s, Ireland has been divided into two parts: Northern Ireland (Ulster) and the Republic of Ireland (Eire). The north is still part of the United Kingdom and is predominantly Protestant; the south is ’an independent republic and is mainly Catholic. The majority in Ulster accept this political compromise, but the active and mainly Catholic minority are fighting for union with the independent republic of Southern Ireland. The IRA, the Irish Republican Army, have mounted bombing campaigns on military and civil targets in Ulster and England; they have sent letter-bombs to public figures; they have shot fellow Irishmen who support the British or belong to opposing,
and now equally militant Protestant groups. As a result of this, the British have stationed an army in Belfast, the IRA have been outlawed, and several of them have spent many years in prison or have died in support of their cause. Whether this level of violence and repression is justifiable, and whether the violence that could result from political change would be .worthwhile are the controversial issues that divide everybody involved.
According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards the Irish is______

A new report on children’s inactivity suffers from a similar flaw. Active Healthy Kids Canada complains that 72 percent of youth from the age of 5 to 19 do not have (46) to after-school programs. But why should 19-year-olds, or even the bulk of 14-year-olds, need such regimentation The attitude seems to be that only the government can (47) children from bad habits. How the state is supposed to program the pounds off today’s children is not explained.
Demonizing smoking is very different from demonizing obesity, (48) is a condition, not a behaviour. It is influenced by (49) factors. Shaming and blaming, taxing and banning, will not work. We need to promote greater (50) , at all ages, and all weights, and keep in mind that the heavy hand of the state is not the answer to every ill.

After Zember rinsed with a raspberry-flavored acetic solution, Balanoff inserted a ViziLite light stick into his patient’s mouth. Suddenly, a tiny white lesion became visible on the side of Zember’s tongue. "It was tiny, but I couldn’t explain it away," says Balanoff, since Zember had no history of canker sores that could have left such a mark. Zember, 78, did have a history of smoking, though, which put him at higher risk for oral cancer. So Balanoff referred him to an oral surgeon to have the lesion checked out. A biopsy revealed the cells were cancerous. "It was so tiny, I might not have noticed it until a year or a year and a half later [once it had grown]," says Balanoff. "By then, it would have been a stage-three cancer, and his chances wouldn’t have been that good."About 30,000 Americans will be diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal cancer this year, and more than 8,000 people will die from it. The death rate--about 50 percent over five years--hasn’t changed much in the past few decades, in part because the cancer often isn’t detected until it’s visible to the naked eye. "Probably about two thirds of the cases at the time of diagnosis and treatment are already at an advanced stage," says Sol Silverman, a professor of oral medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, and an oral-cancer spokesman for the American Dental Association. "So what can we do today Early detection."
Over the past few years, the American Dental Association has made detecting oral cancer earlier a priority, launching an awareness campaign in 1999. But it’s taken a little while for the new screening tools to catch on. ViziLite, manufactured by Phoenix--based Zila Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 2001, but not widely marketed until this year. Another device, OralCDx’s oral-brush biopsy, which uses a specialized brush to collect several test ceils from the tongue’s surface, has been available since 2000. But it was only this year that Delta Dental Plan of Michigan and its affiliated plans in Ohio and Indiana became one of the nation’s first dental benefits providers to include the diagnostic tool, distributed by Sullivan-Schein Dental, as part of its standard benefits ( DaimlerChrysler was the first employer group to incorporate the benefit for it’s 400,000 union workers).
Soon there may be another option, too. Zila’s OraTest, a patented five-minute mouth rinse that uses a special dye, has already been approved for use in more than a dozen other countries, but still awaits approval from the FDA.