单项选择题

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There are two types of risk related to investment. The obvious risk is that the company you invest in will fold and you will lose everything. The other type of risk is how much the value of your investment can ohange. Some investments swing wildly: one month they are worth four times what you put in, the next month they are worth only one quarter of the money you put in. If you have to take your money out at the wrong time, you lose lots. Low-risk investments
Classic low-risk investments are government stocks and bank deposits. The institutions aren’t likely to go out of existence. And the investments are "capital guaranteed", meaning your balance can never drop below the amount you put in.
But even these classic low-risk investments carry the risk that interest rates will rise and you will be stuck with your money tied up at the lower interest rates at which you first invested. And not every fixed-interest investments is with a rock-solid organization. Some providers may offer capital "guaranteed" products where in fact no third party is guaranteeing the continuing financial viability of the provider of the product. The warning is that investors must check that the guarantee and the person or institution offering the guarantee are both good and strong. Any guarantee is only as good as those offering it.
High-risk investments
The classic high-risk investment is in shares in a small company which is perhaps newly listed on the stock exchange. Such a small company could quite easily collapse. On the other hand, the share price might soar.
If an investor wants to up the ante, they borrow money to buy the shares. Through what’s known as leverage or gearing, investors hope to make a huge return not only on their own money, but also on someone else’s. If the company collapses, they not only lose their investment, but must also repay their debt.
Numerous studies have shown that, on average, high-risk investors make more than low-risk ones. Over time, the stock market rewards them for sticking their necks out, and sometimes getting them chopped off. Even during the 1980s, the decade of the stock market crash, one study shows that over the whole of the ten years shares outperformed lower-risk fixed interest and property investments.
This brings us to the first basic rule relating to risk: high risk equals high return. If you want to maximize your savings, take some risk with at least some of your money.
Keep in mind, though, the second rule relating to risk., diversify your investment. This is partly so you won’t be hurt too badly if one company falls over. In short, you’re mad not to spread your money around. All the big financial institutions do, This means dividing it among:
· different types of investments--some in shares, some in property, some in bonds and so on;
· different investments within each group--shares in lots of different companies, several properties, a variety of fixed--interest investments
· different countries--not only China, the US or Japan but in Europe or South-East Asia.
If it’s all starting to sound impossible for one person to manage, it probably is. Fortunately several investment products are designed to diversifying for you. For example, one unit trust can hold a much wider range of local and overseas investments than an individual could dream of.
Take care, though. Putting all you money in just one diversified unit trust still exposes you to the risk that the trust will be badly damaged. Perhaps using two or three trusts or other diversified investments would be the answer.
Which of the following idioms may be used by the author as a suggestion for minimizing risks