In 1911, Americans smoked almost 10 billion cigarettes. Sixty years later this number (21) 700 billion. (22) this amazing increase, the demand for cigarettes in the United States is now (23) dropping. Since 1973, per capita cigarette (24) has decreased approximately I percent (25) . According to some estimates, 90 percent of all cigarette smokers would like to cut down or quit smoking (26) , but that, of course, is not easy to do and (27) do not succeed.
Smokers who try to " (28) the habit" may experience both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms for several weeks. They may suffer, for example, (29) headaches, nausea, irritability, and an inability to concentrate. Some (30) , such as drowsiness and craving (a strong desire for a cigarette), get even (31) after the first ten days. Most people continue to crave cigarettes for at least a month, and approximately one-fifth continue to (32) them for as many as five to nine years after they have (33) . [A] some [B] others [C] majority [D] many

About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved to the west. trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem, The slow wagons of that time. drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe’s canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long trip of low land Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After working for several years it was completed in 1825.
The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In later years, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that emended from the Atlantic Ocean far up to the western branches of the Mississippi.
The new railroads made canal shipping not as important as before, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.
Exports from New York were greater than imports. Consequently, shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.
Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of them remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks, months or years, and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great numbers of new Americans. New York had to provide homes, goods and services. Their labor helped the city become great

As the American people have become increasingly conscious of good (34) habits, their attitudes toward smoking have changed. Nonsmokers are demanding the right to (35) smokeless, nontoxic air, especially since recent studies have (36) that secondhand smoke, that is, the cigarette smoke in the air, is (37) dangerous. (38) , the demands of antismoking advocates are getting re-suits. Some cities, such as Eugene, Oregon, have already passed strict laws that re-quire restaurants to provide nonsmoking (39) . It seems that smoking is no longer considered (40) acceptable behavior by many in American society.