单项选择题

Are responses to odors acquired as a function of the emotional context in
which they are initially perceived Researchers recently conducted a study in
which a novel odor was paired with either a positive or negative emotional
Line experience. Ratings associated with the test odor varied in accordance with the
(5) paired emotion, such that the odor was perceived as either congenial or
noisome, depending upon the quality of paired experience the participant had.
Olfactory sensory attributes may produce an unlearned impact when odors
are irritating; in these cases discomfort is experienced simultaneously to odor
sensation, an event occurring when stimulation of the trigeminal nerve occurs
(10) coterminous with olfactory sensation. Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation
to varying degrees, so that the subjective distinction between pure odor and
trigeminal irritation is not possible to make, though scientists have precipitously
ventured to suggest methods. While these cases may help explain why one may
be immediately repelled by a certain scent, they unfortunately do not allow most
(15) scientists to establish which smells trigger innate reactions.
The author's reaction to the attempts to create experimental means to distinguish trigeminal response and pure odor response can best be described as one of（）

A．enthusiasm
B．expectation
C．dismay
D．skepticism
E． antipathy

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单项选择题

According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the role of the trigeminal nerve in the experience of odors（）

A．The trigeminal nerve plays a much more significant role in the experience of an irritating odor than does actual olfactory sensation itself.
B．The trigeminal nerve produces a negative experience of an irritating odor independently of the emotional context in which the odor was initially perceived.
C．The trigeminal nerve tends to cause an experience of discomfort in the cases of odors that are initially paired with negative emotional experiences.
D．The functioning of the trigeminal nerve tends to be largely conditioned according to the pairing process simulated in the experiment.
E．The trigeminal nerve generally does not play a role in the experiencing of odors that create innate reactions.

单项选择题

The primary purpose of the passage is to（）

A．point out that theories about the functioning of olfactory sensation have failed to change despite experimental inquiry
B．suggest means by which the impact of odors that irritate human subjects may eventually be lessened
C．describe the attempt of scientists to understand the degree to which odor perception is learned or innate
D．demonstrate that efforts to understand the psychobiological basis for human perception is too difficult for modern laboratory techniques
E． describe how the emotional pairing process in odor sensation can lead to the experience of irritation