TEXT D To produce the upheaval in
the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education
from the mid-1860s to the mid 1800s, three primary causes interacted. The
emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that
was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical,
and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of
nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all
conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared,
demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of
study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the
college’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher
standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the
West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public
duty. The old-style classical education received its most
crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a
young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the
progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years
of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation and amplification of
entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of
the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the
raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater
maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in
1872～1873 and 1876～1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student
affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to
regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new
course of study after another was opened up: science, music, the history of the
fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology,
and international law. Which of the following is NOT included in Dr. Eliot’s reform program
A．Diversification of the courses offered. B．Elevation of the admissions standards. C．Enlargement of the enrollment. D．Enforced professional training in some field.