单项选择题
| Questions 11～15
Eric Liu has spent most of his life climbing up the social ladder without looking back. The son of Chinese immigrants from Taiwan, he grew up learning to play down his ethnic identity in the mostly white community of Wappingers Falls, N.Y. Then he went on to amass a heap of power credentials: he graduated from Yale, at 25 he wrote speeches for President Clinton, and now he’s at Harvard Law School. In his provocative, wonderfully honest new book, The Accidental Asian, Liu, 29, finally pauses long enough to reflect on his assimilationist’s guilt, on the feeling that he’s left something behind without knowing exactly what it is. Half cultural commentary, half memoir, "Accidental" is a remarkable accomplishment—both a defense of assimilation and an intense recounting of personal loss. Though he’s one of Asian America’s biggest stars, Liu doesn’t act or feel particularly Asian- American. He married a white woman—half of all Asian-Americans intermarry, he points out. He says he cannot escape the feeling that the Asian-American identity is "contrived" and "unnecessary". "Asian-Americans are only as isolated as they want to be," he writes. "They do not face the levels of discrimination and hatred that demand an enclave mentality. The choice to invent and sustain a pan- Asian identity is just that: a choice, not an imperative. " His book, which just hit stores, is already infuriating Asian-Americans who have a fierce sense of ethnic pride. "Liu has been totally co-opted by the white mainstream," says Bert Wang, who works on labor issues and anti-Asian violence, and christened his rock band Superchink. "But would he be where he is today if he weren’t Asian They love him because he’s this novelty who’s pro-assimilation." Jeff Yang, the founder of A. Magazine, a sort of Asian Vanity Fair, finds Liu’s view misguided and a bit naive. "Race is an obsession in our society," he says. "To be out of the racial equation takes us away from the table of dialogue completely. But we’re creating a culture out of our common experiences: immigration, being perceived as strangers in our own land, serving as a bridge between East and West. " But even the most militant Asian-Americans admit to an identity crisis. Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos and other "Asians" have not only different cultures and languages but deep historical antagonisms toward one another. More than anything, what binds them together in America is what they look like—the exact basis for their stigmatization. The Asian-American "race" is just three decades old, born with the immigration boom in 1965. "Race is fundamentally an invention," says Liu. "And just as something can be invented, so it can be dismantled. If you believe in the identity, I can respect that. I’m just not sure it’ll last another generation. " The economic success many Asian-Americans have achieved may only further weaken that identity. They account for 4 percent of the population, and have the highest median income of all races, including whites. A higher percentage of them earn advanced degrees than of any other group. But those statistics hide the growing number of poor immigrants who feel increasingly alienated from upper-class Asians. "The poor are an embarrassment to professionals who don’t want to be seen as peasants," says Peter Kwong, head of Asian-American Studies at New York’s Hunter College. "You’re taught to be ashamed of your parents," says Chinatown labor activist Trinh Duong, whose mother works in a garment factory. Some activists, who say they have a hard time drawing attention to the plight of those immigrants, try to play down the achievements of upper-class Asians and chafe at the "model minority" stereotype. "That label is clearly part of a hostile discourse between whites and blacks," says Kwong. "Whites are basically saying to blacks, ’We’re not racist, and the reason you’re not as successful is because you’re not working as hard as Asians’." Yet the abstract debate over assimilation can’t do justice to the complex emotional acrobatics of dealing with your own ethnicity. While Liu grew up trying to fit into white America, that was the last thing I wanted. I was taught that Asians were smarter and harder-working than everyone else and that explained their success when the truth is that immigration laws favored professionals, a highly selective group to begin with. There seemed to be no way to have ethnic pride without ethnocentrism. The only solution, it seemed, was to try and transcend race to erase racial concerns by ignoring them. I started to think a lot like Liu. But something always comes along to jolt me out of this colorblind slumber. The rising number of incidents of anti-Asian violence. College-admission quotas against us. Coverage of the campaign- finance scandals, filled with "shadowy" Orientals creeping into power, practicing the ancient Chinese art of guanxi, a scarily exotic word for "connections." And why do so many articles on race neglect to mention us Why do so many reports from the Census Bureau include only blacks, whites and Hispanics Is racial identity formed only through racial persecution I was once berated by a white classmate for claiming I had never been persecuted, which made me wish that I had. But I can’t help feeling that it would be contrived to suddenly become passionate about my ethnicity, or to dredge up racial scars that don’t exist. Liu says, "Race for people of color should be as much of an option as ethnicity is for whites." But in America, trying to forget about being a minority can still get you in as much trouble as being one. |