单项选择题

[听力原文]
First aid may be defined as the immediate and temporary treatment to a victim of an accident or serious illness until the supervision of a physician can be obtained. First aid begins with the steadying effect upon the stricken person when he realizes that competent hands will help him. The emergency situating often causes confusion in the mind of the victim. Things seem unreal and remote, and he often cannot think clearly and rationally for some time. The emotional reaction which results from a serious accident takes time to subside. Therefore, first aid is more than the physical attention of addressing his injuries or making him comfortable. It is the general mental effect that the well-selected word of encouragement, the expressing of willingness to help, the uplifting effect of the first aider’s evident capability can be given. The thoughtful suggestions made to solve immediate problems, the information given concerning nearby physicians and hospitals, the telephone call to summon medical help or an ambulance or to notify a relative, all these are the tasks of the first aider. The good first aider deals with the whole situation, the person and the injury. He knows what not to do as well as what to do. Thus, he avoids the error so commonly made through well meant but misguided efforts. He confines his procedures to what is necessary, keeping the handling of injured parts to a minimum.
Which of the following is true about the first aid()



A. It is usually done only by a doctor.
B. It usually makes the services of a doctor unnecessary.
C. It is usually done by the victim himself.
D. It is usually done by some amateur.

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单项选择题
[听力原文] In Britain and other countries, young people sometimes take a gap year , a year off between high school and college. This idea never gained a big following in the United States. Recent newsreports have suggested that interest may be growing, though there are still no official numbers. Mr. Deacon says the most common reason is to have a chance to travel. But he says international students may take a gap year to meet requirements at home for military duty. Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education. But it can also give students a chance to explore their interests. Many colleges and universities support gap-year projects by permitting students to delay their admission. Experts say students can grow emotionally and intellectually as they work at something they enjoy. Of course, a gap year is not for everyone. Students might miss their friends who go on directly to college. And parents might worry that their children will decide not to go to college once they take time off. Another concern is money. A year off, away from home, can be costly. Holly Bull is the president of the Center for Interim Programs. Her company specializes in helping students plan their gap years. She notes that several books have been written about this subject. She says these books, along with media attention and the availability of information on the Internet, have increased interest in the idea of a year off. According to Charles Deacon, what might be the most common reason to take a gap year ()

A. To avoid further study.
B. To earn money for college.
C. To have a chance to travel.
D. To follow the fashion.

单项选择题
[听力原文] There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low level of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared, If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the ease history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens. When they were given tests to measure their intelligence, Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. According to the passage, what is the first factor that determines an individual’s intelligence()

A. An individual’s brain.
B. An individual’s parents.
C. An individual’s growth environment.
D. An individual’s genes.