After World War 11 the glorification of an ever larger GNP
formed the basis of a new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all
Japanese governments, businesses, and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the
undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretic.
Consequently everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the
manufacturers. (1) Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated
waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere.
This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as most of the country’s
radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protested. (2)An
insistence on treatment of the various effluents would have necessitated
expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher
operating costs. Obviously this would have meant higher prices for Japanese
goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.
(3) The pursuit of nothing but economic growth is illustrated b v the
response of the Japanese government to the American educational mission that
visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japan’s educational program, the
Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating
departments in chemical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical
engineering departments were established in all the country’s universities and
technical institutes. In contrast, the recommendation to form sanitary
engineering departments was more or tess ignored, because they could bring no
profit. By 1960, only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido,
were interested enough to open such departments. (4) The
reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enough
for a certain degree of pollution but the situation was made worse by the
type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for their industrial
expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial
methods. (5) This meant that methods originally designed for use in a
country that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air-and
water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an area a fraction of the
size. Moreover the Japanese diet was niche more dependent on water as a
source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently
discharged wastes built up much more rapidly in the food chain.