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患者女性,56岁,4天前出现发热,伴腹胀、腹痛,为明确诊治来我院。肝硬化病史5年。提问1:问诊的过程中应注意从哪些方面展开A、发病的诱因
B、腹痛部位的特点
C、腹痛的伴随症状
D、腹痛的性质
E、发热和腹痛的顺序
F、腹痛的程度
提问2:[提示]病史询问结果:先出现发热,体温37.5~38.0℃,为持续性低热,偶有畏寒;此后出现腹痛,腹痛为持续性胀痛,开始部位不明确,很快弥漫全腹,不向其他部位放射。伴恶心,无呕吐,大便稀,小便减少。发病2日于当地医院行彩超检查提示:“肝硬化,脾大,中等量腹水”。自带胃镜(1个月前)报告:“食管胃底黏膜光滑,慢性胃炎”。腹痛1周前曾有上呼吸道感染病史。既往酒精性肝硬化病史5年,无呕血、无黑便病史。无手术史,无外伤史。患者一般状态差,慢性肝病面容,中度营养不良,皮肤、巩膜无黄染,颈部可见蜘蛛痣,可见肝掌。全腹压痛(+),反跳痛(+),肌紧张(±)。肝脏腋中线肋下一横指,质韧,Murphy征(-),脾脏未触及。移动性浊音(+),肝浊音界扩大、下移,液波震颤(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是A、急性胃炎
B、急性阑尾炎
C、原发性腹膜炎
D、肝癌
E、十二指肠溃疡穿孔
F、胃肠型感冒
提问3:对于该患者,宜初步选择哪些辅助检查A、血常规
B、胸部透视
C、血生化
D、腹立位平片
E、MRI
F、腹部彩超
提问4:若经上述检查后,患者被初步诊断为原发性腹膜炎(肝硬化、脾大),为了进一步确诊,进行了诊断性腹腔穿刺,请问下列关于腹腔液的描述,哪些支持目前的诊断A、穿刺液见明显胃肠道内容物
B、穿刺液涂片有大量革兰染色阴性杆菌
C、穿刺液呈脓性
D、穿刺液无臭味
E、镜检有大量白细胞
F、穿刺液培养为链球菌、肺炎双球菌阳性

A.5~38.0℃,为持续性低热,偶有畏寒;此后出现腹痛,腹痛为持续性胀痛,开始部位不明确,很快弥漫全腹,不向其他部位放射。伴恶心,无呕吐,大便稀,小便减少。发病2日于当地医院行彩超检查提示:“肝硬化,脾大,中等量腹水”。自带胃镜(1个月前)报告:“食管胃底黏膜光滑,慢性胃炎”。腹痛1周前曾有上呼吸道感染病史。既往酒精性肝硬化病史5年,无呕血、无黑便病史。无手术史,无外伤史。患者一般状态差,慢性肝病面容,中度营养不良,皮肤、巩膜无黄染,颈部可见蜘蛛痣,可见肝掌。全腹压痛(+),反跳痛(+),肌紧张(±)。肝脏腋中线肋下一横指,质韧,Murphy征(-),脾脏未触及。移动性浊音(+),肝浊音界扩大、下移,液波震颤(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是A、急性胃炎
B、急性阑尾炎
C、原发性腹膜炎
D、肝癌
E、十二指肠溃疡穿孔
F、胃肠型感冒
提问3:对于该患者,宜初步选择哪些辅助检查A、血常规
B、胸部透视
C、血生化
D、腹立位平片
E、MRI
F、腹部彩超
提问4:若经上述检查后,患者被初步诊断为原发性腹膜炎(肝硬化、脾大),为了进一步确诊,进行了诊断性腹腔穿刺,请问下列关于腹腔液的描述,哪些支持目前的诊断A、穿刺液见明显胃肠道内容物
B、穿刺液涂片有大量革兰染色阴性杆菌
C、穿刺液呈脓性
D、穿刺液无臭味
E、镜检有大量白细胞
F、穿刺液培养为链球菌、肺炎双球菌阳性

【参考答案】

问题 1 答案:ABCDEF
问题 2 答案:C
问题 3 答案:ACDEF
问题 4 答案:DEF
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