Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly
on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to
strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the "need for achievement".
But now they believe it is the "need for power". Power seekers
strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise authority over large
numbers of people. (46) Individual performers who lack this drive are not
likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company
politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game
is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it
most. (47) One of the least rational acts of business
organizations is that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise
authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that
they should be consultative or participative. (48) It is a serious
mistake to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent
with their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number
of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their
management development programs are not effective. (49) What
managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a
way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved. They need
to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill,
and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them
by their positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform
the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50) But when they
know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they
must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is
necessary.