填空题
[A] All this mobility will make Europe’s cities nodes of nomadism (游牧、流浪生活), linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights. Urban designers, with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis, are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.
[B] It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city, and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition: with 80 percent of its people living in cities, Europe remains the most urbanized continent on earth.
[C] The bustle around airports and train stations will make the crowds in Europe’s great piazzas look thin by comparison. New city networks will spring up, following transport lines, not old national ties. In the 1990s the Eurostar brought London closer to Paris than it was to Liverpool. By 2010, routes like the PBKAL (Paris, Brussels, Cologne/Frankfurt, Amsterdam, London) line will have redesigned the map of Europe even further.
[D] The growing mobility of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl. "Up until now, all our cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center," notes Prof. Heinrich Mding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs. "But we’ve got to imagine how it’s possible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts, so that they’re not just about garages, highways and gasoline tanks. " The designs for new buildings are also changing to anticipate the emerging city as a way station. Buildings have been seen as disconnecting, isolating, defining. But increasingly, the quality of space that’s in demand is movement.
[E] But in the first decade of the 21st century, urban life is changing. Cities are less frequently where people stay to lead the good life, and more often way stations for people in pursuit of it. "Cities are now junctions in the flows of people, information, finance and freight," says Nigel Harris, a professor of development planning. "They’re less and less places where people live and work. " The enlargement of the European Union will give residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders. At the same time, an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century.
[F] Meanwhile, urban sprawl is stretching daily commutes: whereas the average European traveled 17 kilometers a day in 1970 to get to and from work, he traveled 35 kilometers a day in 1998. During the late 1990s, flush dot-comers grew used to flying from London to Paris for the day. If trade-liberalization trends continue, it won’t just be global elites who country-hop for work. In the 20th century, business travelers often avoided the hotel near the railway station, but with so much traveling going on, railway stations and airports will become strong civic hubs, attracting shops, offices and restaurants.
[G] Other public spaces are due for a revamp (彻底改变) as well. Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings; today’s designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city around them, pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops. In Amsterdam, urban planner Ben van Berkel, codirector of the design firm UN Studio, has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy, which inverts the traditional "top down" approach: the creation of a space comes before the flow of people through it. With 3-D modeling and animation, he’s able to look at how different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day. He uses the data to design spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.
Order:
[E]