China’s interest in pharmaceutical R&D is part of a larger global movement where countries like India, Brazil and China have (26) increased their production of vaccines and other medical therapeutics. The Opportunity to reduce costs and increase access were two of the drivers behind in-country production as (27) relying on Western pharmaceutical firms, Investment in biomedicine research and development is (28) and growing: A recent study in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that China (29) $160 billion to biomedical R&D in 2012. And that number is likely to go up: From 2007 to 2012, China increased (30) in biomedicine research by about 33 percen—every year. Civelli, the researcher of the recent study, was amazed by DICP’s labs and equipment." They have decided to push science at any price," he says. "They are supported much better than we are. They have machines they say they have to (31) after three years." For China it’s a (32) situation: homegrown drugs developed out of locally sourced plants (33) the unique health issues of its people—that can also be sold globally for massive profits. Foreign entities see the (34) , too. Novartis, for example, has invested over $1 billion in an R&D center in Shanghai; it is one of many Big Pharma companies building in what is fast becoming one of the world’s meccas for drug development. Nonprofits aren’t immune to the siren call of TCM either: The World Health Organization has established nine Collaborating Centers for (35) Medicine in China.