Contrast to researchers’ expectations, dysfunctional family relationships and poor communica- (1)_____ tion styles appear to have much effect on whether young children become depressed, a study has (2)_____ found. While many children under 5 exhibit symptoms of depression, they often have not been exposed against known risk factors, experts find. And many children who are exposed to those risk (3)_____ factors appear to be resilient. In the study, Australian researchers looked at many factors, including marital partner change, mothers’ health in pregnancy, a child’s health in the first six months of life (4)_____ and marital anxiety in more than 5,000 mothers over a period of five years. But few of them corre- lated to early childhood depression. The authors warned that their results, published in the June (5)_____ issue of Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, depended on reports by mothers about their children’s experience, and that the mothers’ emotional states might have affected those re- (6)_____ ports. They also Conceded that young, lonely, low-income mothers were often lost (7)_____ as to follow-up during the years of the study, and that the children of those mothers might be ex- (8)_____ pected to have higher rate of depression. "If what we have found is correct," said Dr. Jake Najman, (9)_____ the lead author and a professor of sociology at the University of Queensland, "then depression in children has a large constitutional constitutional component that is transmitted either geneucally or by exposure to risks before or during pregnancy. Dr. Naiman suggested that early invention might help prevent (10)_____ depression from developing in early life.