SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will
hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take
notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need
them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture.
Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the
mini-lecture. What is a port city As
a center of land-sea exchange, a major source of livelihood, a major force for
cultural (1) , the port cities have many different points
with other kinds of cities: Ⅰ. Port and
harbour 1) Harbour is a physical concept, a
(2) for ships; 2) Port is an economic
concept, a center of (3) . Ⅱ.
Port cities and non-port cities Many of the world’s
biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires,
Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and (4) began as
ports. Ⅲ. Port functions The
most important functions of port are making a city (5) . In
it races, cultures, (6) , as well as goods from a variety of
places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. Ⅳ. Transformed sea port Sea ports have
been transformed by the advent of powered vessels so many formerly important
ports have become economically and physically (7) as a
result. Ⅴ. Basic function of the port cities (8) the city is port cities’ basic
function. For example, Shanghai, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports
and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.
Ⅵ. Other activities No city
can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities, and
a city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great
range of functions not immediately involved with ships (9) .
Ⅶ. The location of the chief commercial and
administrative center in port cities Cities which
began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city
close to (10) .