Section A Directions: Translate the
underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write
the answers on the Answer Sheet.
Some individuals and citizens’ groups have expressed concern
about the level of violence in television programs, particularly in
action-adventure series and cartoons. (91) They argue that viewers,
especially children, may learn to see violence as the only way to resolve
conflicts. (92) Early experimental researchers compared
the play of children who had seen aggressive behavior on television with the
play of a control group of children who had watched nonviolent programs.
Concern was intensified by findings that indicated a higher level of aggressive
play in the violent-television group. Other researchers attempted to determine
whether violent programs simply stimulated higher energy levels in children or
actually caused them to learn violent and antisocial behavior. The results of
different studies conflicted. (93) Some researchers claimed that televised
violence actually had a positive cathartic effect, allowing some viewers to
release heightening tensions; these findings, however, were not confirmed in
further studies. Other scholars pointed out that both prosocial and
antisocial behavior can be learned from television. Social
scientists find it especially difficult to assess accurately the subtle,
cumulative effects of viewing a broad variety of television programs throughout
childhood. Distinguishing the possible effects of television from other
influences at home and at school is also difficult. (94) Current research
suggests that moderately higher levels of antisocial behavior can be traced to
television viewing, but further study needs to be done to confirm
it. Because of the long-standing tradition in the U.S. of
freedom of speech and of the press, the government would probably not attempt to
directly limit or censor the appearance of violence on television. (95) Among
the networks and producers, pressure from concerned citizens continues to be
balanced the increasing popularity of high-energy action-adventure
programs.