We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws—birds related to crows and ravens with eyes that appear similar to human eyes—can do the same.
"Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye"s role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented," said Auguste Von Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford.
When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to retrieve the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening.
In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze ahernation and pointing, to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using static cues, including eye gaze or head orientation.
Unlike most birds, jackdaws" eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws at attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them.
The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closest relatives the chimpanzee and "man"s best friend," the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, Von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities.
"We may have underestimated the psychological realms of birds," Von Bayern said. "Jackdaws, among many other birds, form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner, which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partners viewpoints." A hand-rise jackdaw hesitates to take a preferred food when the feeder ______.
A．is looking away from the food B．holds the food in his hand C．is looking at the food D．is unfamiliar to the bird