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Gestures (47) signals, and these signals must come across clearly if we are to understand their messages. They cannot afford to be (48) ; they must be sharp and difficult to confuse with other signals. To do this they have to develop a "typical form" that shows comparatively little (49) . And they must be performed with a "typical . (50) ", showing much the same speed, strength and scope on each occasion that they are brought into action.
It is rather like the ringing of a telephone bell. The signal goes on sounding at fixed (51) at a fixed volume and with a fixed sound, no matter how urgent the call. No one confuses a telephone bell with a front door bell or an alarm clock. Its fixed form and its fixed intensity make it unmistakable.
The process is at work in human gestures. When an angry man shakes his fist, the chances are that the speed, force and scope of each shake, as the fist jerks back and forth in mid-air are much the same on each occasion that he employs this gesture. And there is a reasonable (52) that his speed, force and scope will be similar to those of any other fist-shaker. If you were to perform a fist-shaking gesture in which you slowed down the movement, (53) the force, and increased the distance travelled by the clenched fist, it is doubtful if your signal would be understood. An onlooker might imagine you were exercising your arm, but it is doubtful if he would read the message as a threat (54) .
Most of our gestures have grown into typical (55) of this kind. We all wave in much the same way. This is not a conscious process. We simply (56) in to the cultural norm.
A. display I) presentations
B. tune J) intensity
C. transmit K) likelihood
D. transparent L) demonstration
E. depth M) decreased
F. intervals N) pauses
G. vague O) variation
H) tone

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