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  由于历史原因和区位条件的制约,宁夏旅游目前尚处于全国落后状态。从旅游外汇收入和接待入境旅游人数全国排名看,宁夏均位列全国倒数第一。抱着金娃娃,旅游收入却微不足道,别说与广东、上海等先进省份比,就是和西部的青海、新疆相比也是小巫见大巫。
宁夏旅游资源风格独特,在国内很多方面具有垄断性,浓郁的回族风情,秀丽的塞上风光和"大摸孤烟直,长河落日圆"的雄浑景观交相辉映,构成了宁夏奇特的美景。
中国经济发展的最大特点就是东西部发展不平衡,西部经济发展落后,作为西部省份之一的宁夏回族自治区也是经济发展落后的地区.GDP和财政收入在全国处于滞后状态。
经济发展滞后的现状,使宁夏的各项基础设施的建设也大大落后于东部地区,财政状况的窘迫使旅游投入变得捉襟见肘,各旅游景点的硬件建设显得过于寒酸,可怜的旅游收入掐断了整体规划的咽喉,各种配套服务设施长期得不到健全和改善,再加之品牌推广费用拿不出来,使宁夏旅游的形象一直树立不起来,旅游经济的拉动作用一直没有显现。
宁夏的文化与全国相比独具特色,充分反映了西北文化粗矿的特征。首先是西夏文化的遗存,西夏文化虽有神秘的党项民族特点,但实际上又承袭和借鉴了、汉族的典章制度和文化,在北方少数民族和中原汉族文化的交流中起过重要作用;其次是回族伊斯兰风情,伊斯兰文化与中国传统文化经过一系列的深层接触、对话和交融,最终产生了有中国特色的回族伊斯兰文化;第三是移民文化特色,宁夏由于地处西北边障,在历史上一直是个移民地区,使不同地域的文化相互交融,并积淀了一种新的文化特色一移民文化;第四是宁夏的人文特色中含有很强烈的边塞风格,蕴藏在其后的历史文化散发出的高亢硬朗的风格,令人感慨唏嘘。
提炼宁夏文化的现代价值,整合宁夏的旅游资源,为当地经济发展服务,是时代赋予宁夏人的历史使命。
问题:
(1)对宁夏旅游市场营销宏观环境进行分析。
(2)根据所学知识阐述旅游市场营销宏观环境包括哪些方面。

A.GDP和财政收入在全国处于滞后状态。

【参考答案】

(1)自然环境:秀丽的塞上风光和"大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆"的雄浑景观交相辉映,构成了宁夏奇特的美景。
经济环境:......

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