For a wrong word, underline the
wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at
the end of
the line. For a missing word, mark the
position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word
you
believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an
unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a
slash "—" and put the word in the
blank provided at the end of the
line.
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more
rapidly than it already developed interior, the process of suburbanization
began 41______ during
the emergence of the industrial city in second quarter of
42______ the
nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact
cluster which people moved about on foot and goods were
43______ conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in
the 1840’s were locating along waterways and near railheads at the edges of
cities, 44______ and
housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of
employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill
towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a
defense against this encroachment and to reduce their tax bases,
45______ the cities
appropriated their industrial neighbor. In 1854, for example,
46______ the city of Philadelphia
annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place
in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States
achieve such status
47______ only by incorporating the communities along
their borders. With the accelerate of industrial growth came
acute urban
48______ crowding and accompanying social
stress -- conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in
1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed.
Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys retired and electric streetcar
networks crisscrossed and connected
49______ every major urban area, fostering
a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a
dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was
reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose
desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging outer city were
satisfied by the developers of single-family
50______ housing tracts.