单项选择题

To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the State an obligation to ensure that they have work to do 　　It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-2. Rising unemployment and increased sums paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the Depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed. 　　In 1972 there were critics who said that the State’’s action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment―such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits―tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honour the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale of the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. Of all the myths of the Welfare State, stories of the work-shy and borrowers have been the least well-founded on evidence, yet they have proved the most persistent. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the State’’s obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through Social Security. 　　Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State, and supported if necessary And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work. so that the workless need work rather than just cash It is the author’’s belief that

A． unemployment must lead to depression of national economy.
B．the unemployed are the victims of economical development.
C． unemployment should be kept under control by industrial forces.
D． the unemployed are denied responsibility for technological progress.

<上一题目录下一题>

热门试题

填空题

They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic cloud some 15 billion light-years from earth. 71. But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite―Cobe―had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).72. The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’’t have long to wait. 73.Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.74. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very’’ early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity.75. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

问答题

You bought a dress on the web and found it faulty. Write a letter to the seller in which you should 1) state the time and way of your purchase, 2) list its faults, and 3) ask for refund. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)