阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Basic Research Vs. Applied Research
Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than
applied research Basic research is the very heart of science, and its
cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be
constantly increased as the demands upon its rise. The goal of basic research is
understanding for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or
the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula (螺旋星) or the distribution of
cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving
creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two of more human
beings come into contact with one another—the scope is staggering, but the
commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result,
conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world,
simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research
frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered
X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine. Applied
research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate
attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical
reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed
those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less
developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by
industry—which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because
these profits quickly—the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research
currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and developments
funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably
tends to drive out basic. Then, so Dr. Waterman has pointed out, development
will inevitably be undertaken prematurely(过早的), career incentives will gravitate
strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major
scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new
developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science. Tend to degrade
the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve
it. X-rays used in medical researches belong to the scope of basic research.