单项选择题

American higher education stands on the brink (边缘) of chaos. (1) have so many spent so long learning so little.
The present crisis (2) the increasingly widespread acceptance among faculty and administrators of the fatal educational (3) that a student should not be required to do any academic work that (4) him. If a student prefers not to study science or history or literature, he is (5) to attain his degree without studying any science, history, or literature.
Throughout the country the attempt is being (6) to provide students with what is advertised as a (7) education without requiring of them the necessary self-discipline and hard work. Students have been led to believe they can achieve (8) effort, that all they need to do in order to obtain a good education is skip (跳跃) casually down the merry road to learning. Unfortunately, that road is no (9) a detour (绕路) to the dead end of ignorance.
We must realize that becoming an educated person is a difficult, demanding (10) . Just as anyone who spoke of intense (11) training as a continuous source of pleasure and delight would be thought a fool, for we all know how much pain and frustration such training involves, so anyone who speaks of intense mental (12) as a continuous source of joy and ecstasy ought to be thought (13) foolish, for such effort also involves pain and frustration. Of course, there can be joy in learning as there can be joy in sport. But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine (14) and cannot be experienced without sweat.
And that he (15) well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an (16) performance. Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is (17) demeaning (有辱人格的). Yet criticism of any sort is (18) nowadays. (19) student opinion is given greater and greater (20) in the evaluation of faculty, professors are busy trying to ingratiate (迎合) themselves with the students.

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