SECTION A In this section you will hear a
mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture once ONLY. While listening to the
lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but
you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the
mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for notetaking. Now listen to
the mini-lecture. Statistic Ⅰ. The defendant is guilty or not
Expert: 1) A DNA sample (1)______defendant’s.
(1)
______ 2) The possibility of odds is one in million.
Defense lawyer: Counter the fact that if in a city of
three million people, there are (2)______ (2) ______
matching each other’ s DNA. Ⅱ. Unjust discrimination
1) Universities add additional points to minority group
students. They unlawfully make an easier (3)______for
those students.
(3) ______ 2) Annie was kept from (4)______. Her lawyer
used statistics to show (4)
______ that workers, who were not in (5)______group,
with the same
(5) ______ qualifications were
promoted. 3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the
(6)______.
(6) ______ Warning: statistics should be
(7)______along with other evidence.
(7) ______ Ⅲ. Statistics in calculation: 1)
(8)______analysis: e.g. Bert could no longer work. Statisticians
(8) ______
predict how long he could work and how long he could have made.
2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the "best
fit" for all the sample data when multiple independent
(9)______are at work. (9) ______ Ⅳ. Statistics
on the witness stand: —experts know how to make statistics
(10)______
(10) ______
—cross examine and challenge the validity of statistics