Directions: Read the
following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
All great writers express their ideas in an individual way.. it is often
possible to determine the authorship of a literary passage from the style in
which it is written. 61) Many authors feel that the conventions of the
written language hamper them and they use words freely, with little observance
of accepted grammar and sentence structure, in order to convey vividly their
feelings, beliefs and fantasies. Others with a deep respect for traditional
usage achieve a style of classical clearness and perfection or achieve effects
of visual or musical beauty by their mastery of existing forms enriched by a
sensitive and adventurous vocabulary, vivid imagery and a blending of evocative
vowels and consonants. Young people often feel the need to
experiment and. as a result, to break away from the traditions they have been
taught. In dealing with a foreign language, however, they have to bear in mind
two conditions for experiment. 62) Any great experimental artist is fully
familiar with the conventions from which he wishes to break free., he is capable
of achievement in established forms but feels these are inadequate for the
expression of his ideas. In the second place, he is indisputably an
outstanding artist who has something original to express; otherwise the
experiments will appear pretentious, even childish. Few
students can achieve so intimate an understanding of a foreign language that
they can explore its resources freely and experimentally. Not all feel the need
to do so. 63) And in any case examination candidates need to become
thoroughly acquainted with conventional usage as it is a sure knowledge of
accepted forms that examiners look for. The student
undertaking a proficiency course should have the ability to use simple English
correctly to express everyday facts and ideas. 64) This ability to express
oneself in a foreign language on a basis of thinking in that language without
reference to one’s own is essential at all stages of learning. Students with
extensive experience in translation who have had little practice in using the
foreign language directly must, above all, write very simply at first, using
only easy constructions which they are convinced are correct, forgetting for the
time being their own language and rigorously avoiding translating from it.
More complex forms, more varied vocabulary and sentence
structure should evolve naturally in step with the student’s increasing
knowledge of the language. The student introduces a certain form of construction
only when he is thoroughly familiar with it and is certain that it is normally
used in this way. As he achieves additional confidence, he can begin to take an
interest in use of the language to create diverse effects. He may want to convey
impressions of suspense, calm, dignity, humor, of music or poetry. 65) He
will master the art of logical explanation, of exact letter writing, of formal
speeches and natural conversation and of vivid impressionistic description.
But he will still write within the limits of his ability and knowledge. And, as
a learner, he will still be studying and observing conventional English usage in
all that he writes.