单项选择题

Friendly Relations with the People Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel securE.But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolF.
2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football gamE.You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formeD.
5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like peoplE.
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Credit Card Only Works When Spoken ToA credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner's voice could become al important weapon in the fight against fraud (欺骗).The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice-recognition chip. The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else's credit card details to buy goods onlinE.A model built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica, California, represents the first attempt to pack a microphone, a loudspeaker, a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard-sized credit carD.They are not quite there yet: the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card, but it is still about three times as thick. The company now plans to make it thinnet.The voice card is based on an earlier Beepcard technology d esigned to prevent fraud in online transactions. This earlier card has no microphone,' but has a built-in loudspeaker that it uses to 'squawk' (发出叫声)a voice ID signal via a computer's microphone to an online server.By verifying (证实) that the signal matches the card details, the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card to hanD.The ID code changes each time the card is used in a pre-ordered sequence that only the server knows.This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps, noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later. But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards. The new one can.The new voice card also identifies itself by its ID squawk, but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate (合法的) user's spoken passworD.Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner's voice with a high degree of accuracy.The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded (嵌入的) in a credit carD.To maximize battery life, the electronics are only switched on when the card is being useD.Pressing a button on the card's surface prompts it to utter 'Say your password' in female voicE.If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is authentic (真实的), it sends its ID squawk which the server then identifies, allowing the transaction to proceeD.第 36 题 The voice credit card is an important invention becauseA.it can be made cost-effectively.B.it can leave voice messages.C.it makes online shopping easy.D.it makes fraud difficult.
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单项选择题
Robots1.The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or EuropE.2.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray-painting and assembling components.3.In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever sincE.This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent joB.5.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6.The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F.or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small samplE.7.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and boreD.第 23 题 Paragraph 2 ______________
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