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Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should make the correct choicE.
Broken Bones: Do not move the patient. Send for ambulance at oncE.Treat for shock if necessary.
Bleeding: A little bleeding does not harm. It washes the dirt from the wounD.But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth (the inside of a folded handkerchief, for example) firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or until help arrives.
If the wound is a small one and made by something clean, wash it carefully with soap and water. Then bend it firmly but not too tightly. A large wound, or a dirty one, should be treated by a doctor.
Poison: A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to a hospital at oncE.With some poisons and sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make a patient sick by pushing your finger down to his throat. But if he swallowed some kind of acid, anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make him sick. The poison would burn his throat as it came up. It is therefore, the best to take the patient to hospital at oncE.But try to find out what the patient has taken so that you can tell the doctor.
If a boy falls off a bike and gets his leg broken, you should______first.
A.move him onto bed
B.tell him to move carefully
C.send for a doctor
D.send for an ambulance at once

A.Broken
B.
If
C.
A.move
D.tell
E.send
F.send

【参考答案】

D
解析:细节题。根据第一段可知,如果发生骨折,应立即叫救护车,而不要移动病人,故选D。
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AlcoholismIn the United States alone, alcoholism affects millions of people and costs the country billions of dollars each year.What is Alcoholism?People who drink regularly enough to affect their family or work responsibilities and who drink in a way that puts ~them in dangerous situations are said to abuse alcohol. Although they use alcohol in an unhealthy way, people who suffer from alcohol abuse do not necessarily develop a physical dependence upon alcohol.Alcoholics, on the other hand, have a chronic diseasE.They are physically dependent upon alcohol. They feel a need to drink, almost in the same way that most people feel the need to eat. And once alcoholics start drinking, they are unable to stop. They develop a tolerance to alcohol, requiring more and more drinks to feel the same effects. When an alcoholic tries to cut down or stop drinking, he or she experiences the symptoms of withdrawal: sweating, nausea, shakiness, anxiety and delirium tremens.More than 17 million Americans abuse alcohol or are alcoholiC.Alcoholism affects men more than women: About 10 percent of men, compared to 3 to 5 percent of women, become alcoholics over the course of their lifetimE.Alcoholism is more prevalent among younger people than among older peoplE.How Does Someone Become an Alcoholic?Why is it that some people can drink socially and not become addicted while others become alcoholics? The reason has to do with a combination of genetic, physiological, psychological and social factors.Genes may be an important factor triggering the development of alcoholism. Research has indicated that children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics themselves; and while this statistic is at least partly due to environmental factors, scientists have determined that there is a genetic link.Physiologically, alcohol alters the balance of chemicals in the brain. It affects chemicals in the brain's reward center. The body eventually craves alcohol to restore pleasurable feelings and avoid negative feelings. People who already suffer from high stress or psychological problems such as low self esteem and depression are at higher risk for developing alcoholism.Social factors such as peer pressure, advertising and environment also play an important role in the development of alcoholism. Young people often start drinking because their friends are doing so, Beer and liquor ads on television tend to portray drinking as a glamorous exciting pastimE.What Happens When You DrinkWhen you take a drink, about 20 percent of the alcohol is absorbed in your stomach; the remaining 80 percent is absorbed in your small intestinE.How quickly the alcohol is absorbed depends upon the concentration of the alcohol in the drink and whether you've just eaten a big meal. A full stomach will slow down alcohol absorption.After the alcohol is absorbed, it enters your bloodstream and is carried throughout your body. As the alcohol acts upon the body, the body is simultaneously working to remove it. The kidneys and lungs remove about 10 percent of the alcohol in the urine and the breath. The liver breaks down the rest of the alcohol into acetic aciD.After just a few drinks, the physical effects of alcohol become apparent. These effects are related to the blood alcohol concentration(BAC). The BAC goes up when the body is taking in alcohol faster than it can release it.Alcohol and the BrainAlcohol affects brain chemistry by altering levels of neurotransmitters(神经传递素). Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit the signals throughout the body that control thought processes, behavior. and emotion.In the short term, alcohol can cause blackouts -- short-term memory lapses in which people forget what occurred over entire stretches of timE.The long-terA.YB.NC.NG
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