单项选择题

Directions:
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (21) , governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and (22) of natural resources. A whole (23) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) (24) no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold (25) : a cleane r environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (26) the vested interest that subsidies create.
No activity affects more of the earth’s surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet’s land area, not (27) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (28) from land already in (29) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (30) in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.
All these activities may have (31) environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single (32) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (33) water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods (34) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the (35) of old varieties of food plants which (36) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (37) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (38) to diminish the soil’s productivity. The country subsequently (39) a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (40) much faster than in America.

21（）

A．however
B．therefore
C．but
D．hence

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问答题
To illustrate the obstacles that parents unconsciously place in their children’s educational path, I’ll tell you a little story: An excellent, conscientious elementary school teacher who I know has a group of twenty-five 4 year-old children. The brand new school still lacks some basic supplies for the pupils. Also, consumable classroom materials, such as scissors and paper, generally tend to be paid for by their parents, who deposit funds into a common account for the teachers to draw from as needed. Anyway, the first general parent-teacher meeting was held and the teacher stated that after having evaluated the students’ development during the first week of class, her evaluation was that her primary objectives would include encouraging sharing amongst the children and stimulating an early interest in reading by providing them with a small library of picture books for them to leaf through, which would be donated to the class by the children themselves. As you would expect at this age, many of the little students were recalcitrant to share their property with the rest of their class. However, what’s really surprising is that many of their parents were even more uncooperative with this teacher’s approach than their own children. The general feeling amongst these querulous parents was that if the teacher wanted to get those books, the school should pay for them. Granted, their opinions are to be respected, but whether by commission or omission the eager teacher’s first two projects were shot down in their infancy. Sadly, I think it would take a mighty big-hearted teacher to risk approaching this particular group of parents, or any other for that matter, with another project of similar proportions. In short, if parents and students obstinately insist on making teachers and schools completely responsible for their children’s education, they can actually hinder it. Ironic, isn’t it
单项选择题
In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are （） enough to get into universities.

A．ambitious
B．fortunate
C．aggressive
D．substantial
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