单项选择题

Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is (21) , the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. (22) any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out (23) effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or (24) ,often err)ugh, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally (25) considerably. Some of the bigger firms are (26) in researches which am (27) such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive (28) to them not to keep them secret. (29) a great many processes depending on such research am sought for with complete secrecy (30) the stage at which patents can be (31) . Even more processes am never patented (32) but kept as secret processes. This (33) particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part (34) they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an (35) that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in (36) technical or scientific books from libraries (37) they are unwilling to have their names entered (38) having taken out such and such a book, (39) the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be (40) .

21().

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