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保险合同的当事人包括_________和_________,保险合同争议的处理方式包括___、_______

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保险人 投保人 被保险人 受益人
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Ethan, a public limited company, develops, operates and sells investment properties.(a) Ethan focuses mainly on acquiring properties where it foresees growth potential, through rental income as well as value appreciation. The acquisition of an investment property is usually realised through the acquisition of the entity, which holds the property.In Ethan’s consolidated financial statements, investment properties acquired through business combinations are recognised at fair value, using a discounted cash flow model as approximation to fair valuE.There is currently an active market for this type of property. The difference between the fair value of the investment property as determined under the accounting policy, and the value of the investment property for tax purposes results in a deferred tax liability.Goodwill arising on business combinations is determined using the measurement principles for the investment properties as outlined abovE.Goodwill is only considered impaired if and when the deferred tax liability is reduced below the amount at which it was first recogniseD.This reduction can be caused both by a reduction in the value of the real estate or a change in local tax regulations. As long as the deferred tax liability is equal to, or larger than, the prior year, no impairment is charged to goodwill. Ethan explained its accounting treatment by confirming that almost all of its goodwill is due to the deferred tax liability and that it is normal in the industry to account for goodwill in this way.Since 2008, Ethan has incurred substantial annual losses except for the year ended 31 May 2011, when it made a small profit before tax. In year ended 31 May 2011, most of the profit consisted of income recognised on revaluation of investment properties. Ethan had announced early in its financial year ended 31 May 2012 that it anticipated substantial growth and profit. Later in the year, however, Ethan announced that the expected profit would not be achieved and that, instead, a substantial loss would be incurreD.Ethan had a history of reporting considerable negative variances from its budgeted results. Ethan’s recognised deferred tax assets have been increasing year-on-year despite the deferred tax liabilities recognised on business combinations. Ethan’s deferred tax assets consist primarily of unused tax losses that can be carried forward which are unlikely to be offset against anticipated future taxable profits. (11 marks)(b) Ethan wishes to apply the fair value option rules of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments to debt issued to finance its investment properties. Ethan’s argument for applying the fair value option is based upon the fact that the recognition of gains and losses on its investment properties and the related debt would otherwise be inconsistent. Ethan argued that there is a specific financial correlation between the factors, such as interest rates, that form. the basis for determining the fair value of both Ethan’s investment properties and the related debt. (7 marks)(c) Ethan has an operating subsidiary, which has in issue A and B shares, both of which have voting rights. Ethan holds 70% of the A and B shares and the remainder are held by shareholders external to the group. The subsidiary is obliged to pay an annual dividend of 5% on the B shares. The dividend payment is cumulative even if the subsidiary does not have sufficient legally distributable profit at the time the payment is duE.In Ethan’s consolidated statement of financial position, the B shares of the subsidiary were accounted for in the same way as equity instruments would be, with the B shares owned by external parties reported as a non-controlling interest. (5 marks)Required: Discuss how the above transactions and events should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements of Ethan. Note: The mark allocation is shown against each of the three transactions abovE.Professional marks will be awarded in question 3 for the quality of the discussion. (2 marks)
A.(a)
B.
In
C.
Goodwill
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Since
E.
In
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Jayne Cox Direct is a company that specialises in the production of bespoke sofas and chairs. Its products are advertised in most quality lifestylE.magazines. The company was started ten years ago. It grew out of a desire to provide customers with the chance to specify their own bespoke furniture at a cost that compared favourably with standard products available from high street retailers. It sells furniture directly to the end customer. Its website allows customers to select the stylE.of furniture, the wood it is to be made from, the type of upholstery used in cushion and seat fillings and the textile composition and pattern of the covering. The current website has over 60 textile patterns which can be selected by the customer. Once the customer has finished specifying the kind of furniture they want, a price is given. If this price is acceptable to the customer, then an order is placed and an estimated delivery date is given. Most delivery dates are ten weeks after the order has been placeD.This relatively long delivery time is unacceptable to some customers and so they cancel the order immediately, citing the quoted long delivery time as their reason for cancellation.Jayne Cox Direct orders wood, upholstery and textiles from long-established suppliers. About 95% of its wood is currently supplied by three timber suppliers, all of whom supplied the company in its first year of operation. Purchase orders with suppliers are placed by the procurement section. Until last year, they faxed purchase orders through to suppliers. They now email these orders. Recently, an expected order was not delivered because the supplier claimed that no email was receiveD.This caused production delays. Although suppliers like working with Jayne Cox Direct, they are often critical of payment processing. On a number of occasions the accounts section at Jayne Cox Direct has been unable to match supplier invoices with purchase orders, leading to long delays in the payment of suppliers.The sofas and chairs are built in Jayne Cox Direct’s factory. Relatively high inventory levels and a relaxed production process means that production is rarely disrupteD.Despite this, the company is unable to meet 45% of the estimated delivery dates given when the order was placed, due to the required goods not being finished in timE.Consequently, a member of the sales team has to telephone the customer and discuss an alternative delivery datE.Telephoning the customer to change the delivery date presents a number of problems. Firstly, contacting the customer by telephone can be difficult and costly. Secondly, many customers are disappointed that the original, promised delivery date can no longer be met. Finally, customers often have to agree a delivery date much later than the new delivery date suggested by Jayne Cox Direct. This is because customers often get less than one week’s notice of the new date and so they have to defer delivery to much later. This means that the goods have to remain in the warehouse for longer.A separate delivery problem arises because of the bulky and high value nature of the product. Jayne Cox Direct requires someone to be available at the delivery address to sign for its safe receipt and to put the goods somewhere secure and dry. About 30% of intended deliveries do not take place because there is no-one at the address to accept delivery. Consequently, furniture has to be returned and stored at the factory. A member of the sales staff will subsequently telephone the customer and negotiate a new delivery date but, again, contacting the customer by telephone can be difficult and costly.Delivery of furniture is made using the company’s own vans. Each of these vans follow a defined route each day of the week, irrespective of demanD.The company’s original growth was primarily due to the innovative business idea behind specifying competitively priced bespoke furniturE.However, established rivals are now offering a similar servicE.In the face of this competition the managing director of Jayne Cox Direct has urged a thorough review of the supply chain. She feels that costs and inventory levels are too high and that the time taken from order to delivery is too long. Furthermore, in a recent customer satisfaction survey there was major criticism about the lack of information about the progress of the order after it was placeD.One commented that ‘as soon as Jayne Cox Direct got my order and my money they seemed to forget about mE.For ten weeks I heard nothing. Then, just three days before my estimated delivery date, I received a phone call telling me that the order had been delayed and that the estimated delivery date was now 17 JunE.I had already taken a day off work for 10 June, my original delivery datE.I could not re-arrange this day off and so I had to agree a delivery date of 24 June when my mother would be here to receive it’.People were also critical about after-sales servicE.One commented ‘I accidently stained my sofA.Nobody at Jayne Cox Direct could tell me how to clean it or how to order replacement fabrics for my sofa’. Another said ‘organising the return of a faulty chair was very difficult’.When the managing director of Jayne Cox Direct saw the results of the survey she understood ‘why our customer retention rate is so low’.Required:(a) Analyse the existing value chain, using it to highlight areas of weakness at Jayne Cox Direct. (12 marks)(b) Evaluate how technology could be used in both the upstream and the downstream supply chain to address the problems identified at Jayne Cox Direct. (13 marks)
A.Jayne
B.
The
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Telephoning
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A
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Delivery
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The
G.
People
H.
When
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Required:
(a)