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U.S., European Drug Officials Approve
Inhaled Insulin A form of insulin for people with diabetes
to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is
called Exubera. The United States Food and Drug Administration: and the European
Commission both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for
many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood
sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for
everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months
should not take Exubera. (46) Three drug
companies -- Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics -- developed the
inhaled insulin. (47) Experts say about fifteen percent of
diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several
injections each day. Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to
change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to
serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can
also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure4. Insulin has been sold as
a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it.
Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will
study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough
while using the inhaled insulin. (48) . Many
people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have
the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively
use the insulin it produces. (49) Most Type Two diabetics do
not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and
weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood.
(50) . Officials say diabetics with either
type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One
diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at
least once a day. A. With this type the body is unable to produce
insulin. B. Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide. C. The
control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with
diabetes. D. It is common in people who are overweight and not active. E.
Some patients with lung disease should not take it either. F. People are
advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a
year after that.