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The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent casesthe trial of Rosemary West. In a significantof legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce abill that will propose making payments to witnessesand will strictly control the amount ofthat can be given to a casea trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said hewith a committee report this year which said that self regulation did notsufficient control. of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused aof media protest when he said theof privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judgesto Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, whichthe European Convention on Human Rights legallyin Britain, laid down that everybody wasto privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. "Press freedoms will be in safe handsour British judges,"he said. Witness payments became anafter West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses wereto have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raisedwitnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court toguilty verdicts.

【参考答案】

A

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Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co- operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce stir further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example , 74. in the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization―with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed--was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 75．Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

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According to the text, it has long been believed that

A． people in poor countries fail to enjoy a higher standard of living.
B． people in underdeveloped countries are deprived of better living conditions.
C． most Americans know that the world’’s resources are going scarce.
D． it is impractical for all the people in the world to raise their living standards.