The phrase "the latter" in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A．To show that Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens are examples of cultural, economic, and military expansion against which all subsequent cases must be measured.
B．To suggest that cultural, economic and military advances have tended to be closely interrelated in different societies.
C．To argue that, while the revivals of Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens were similar, they are unrelated to other historical examples.
D．To indicate that, wherever possible, historians should seek to make comparisons with the earliest chronological examples of revival.

A．revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the Byzantine Empire.
B．not applicable to the Byzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limited periods during the revival.
C．equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history of military, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome.
D．essentially not helpful, because military, economic, and cultural advances are part of a single phenomenon.