填空题

As a matter of fact, when all a language
takes from another one is mere words, it
is usually because only a small number of
speakers of the first language are
bilingual in the second -- usually the ruling
classes and the educator. In such cases, most (1) ______
speakers are not using the second language
alongside the first one at a daily (2) ______
basis -- instead, the influence on the (3) ______
second language "trickles down" from the
elite class to the masses. In cases like
this, which trickles down most easily (4) ______
arc isolated words, rather than the things
that are harder to pick up from a foreign
language, such as word order and endings,
which require the actual use of the second
language to get the hang of. This was the
situation, for example, in England when it
was occupied by the Norman French: The Normans
were the rulers when the masses continued (5) ______
happily using English. It is this reason (6) ______
that so many of the words we inherited
from French have to do with conception of (7) ______
government [reign], fashion [attire], art
[pen], cuisine [poultry], and, actually,
the very words government fashion, art
and cuisine. Just like often, (8) ______
moreover, geography and history have it that (9) ______
many, most, or all of a language’s speakers
speak another one together alongside, and the (10) ______
result is the likes of Is it out of your mind
you are In fact, most languages have had some
influence on their structure from other languages
at some point in their history.

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