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Coffee--The Drink of Choice
Did you know coffee is the most consumed beverage in the world How did coffee get this ranking What country first figured out that coffee was safe for consumption When was the first drink of coffee prepared Where did the first coffee shop come into being There are many questions about the starting point of drinking coffee. It has been so long ago that no one really knows all the facts. But, one thing is for sure, coffee is the most consumed beverage on the planet.
The Beginning of Coffee
It looks as if the first trace came out of Abyssinia and was also irregularly in the vicinity of the Red Sea around seven hundred AD. Along with these people, other Africans of the same period also have a history of using the coffee’ berry pulp for more than one occasion like rituals and even for health.
Coffee began to get more attention when the Arabs began cultivating it in their peninsulas around eleven hundred AD. It is speculated that trade ships brought the coffee their way. The Arabs started making a drink that became quite popular called gahwa--meaning to prevent sleep. Roasting and boiling the bean was how they made this drink. It became so popular among the Arabs that they made it their signature Arabian wine and it was used a lot during rituals.
After the coffee bean was found to be a great wine and a medicine, someone discovered in Arabia that you could also make a different dark, delicious drink out of the beans, this happened somewhere around twelve hundred AD. After that it didn’t take long before everyone in Arabia was drinking coffee. Everywhere these people traveled the coffee went with them. It made its way around to India, North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and was then cultivated to a great extent in Yemen around fourteen hundred AD.
Other countries would have gladly welcomed these beans if only the Arabs had let them.
The Arabs killed the seed-germ making sure no one else could grow the coffee even if it were taken to anywhere else. Heavily guarding their plants, Yemen is where the main source of coffee stayed for several hundred years. Even with their efforts, the beans were eventually smuggled out by pilgrims and travelers.
Coffee Shops Appear
Around 1475 the first coffee shop opened in Constantinople called Kiv Han two years after coffee was introduced to Turkey, in 1554 two coffee houses opened there. People came pouring in to socialize, listen to music, play games and of course drink coffee. Some often called these places in Turkey the "school of the wise", because you could learn so much by just visiting the coffee house and listening to conversations. In the sixteen hundreds coffee enters Europe through the port of Venice. The Turkish warriors also brought the drink to Balkans, Spain, and North Africa. Not too much later the first coffee house opened in Italy.
There were plenty of people also trying to ban coffee. Such as Khair Beg, a governor of Mecca, who was executed and Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire who successfully closed down many coffee houses in Turkey. Thankfully not everyone thought this way.
Coffee Tips Arrive
In the early sixteen hundreds coffee was presented to the New World by a man named John Smith. Later in that century, the first coffee house opened in England. Coffee houses or "penny universities" charged a penny for admission and for a cup of coffee. The word "TIPS" (for service) has its origin from an English coffee house.
Early in the 17th century, Edward Lloyd’s coffee house opened in England. The Dutch became the first to commercially transport coffee. The first Parisian cafe opened in 1713 and King Louis X1V was presented with a lovely coffee tree. Sugar was first used as an addition to coffee in his court.
The Americas Have Coffee
Coffee plants were introduced into the Americas for development. By close to the end of the seventeen hundreds, 1,920 million plants had been grown on the island.
Evidently the eighteen hundreds were spent trying to find better methods to make coffee.
The Coffee "Brew" in the 20th Century
New methods to help brewing coffee start popping up everywhere. The first commercial espresso machine was developed in Italy. Melitta Bentz made a filter using blotting paper. Dr. Ernest Lily manufactured the first automatic espresso machine. The Nestle Company invented Nescafe instant coffee. Achilles Gaggia perfected the espresso machine. Hills Bros. began packing roasted coffee in vacuum tins eventually ending local roasting shops and coffee mills. A Japanese-American chemist named Satori Kato from Chicago invented the first soluble "instant" coffee.
German coffee importer Ludwig Roselius turned some mined coffee beans over to researchers, who perfected the process of removing caffeine from the beans without destroying the flavor. He sold it under the name Sanka. Sanka is introduced in the United States in 1923.
George Constant Washington, an English chemist living in Guatemala, was interested in a powdery condensation forming on the spout of his silver coffee flask. After checking into it, he created the first mass-produced instant coffee with his brand name called Red E Coffee.
Prohibition went into effect in the United States. Coffee sales suddenly increased. Brazil asked Nestle to help find a solution to their coffee surpluses so the Nestle Company came up with freeze-dried coffee. Nestle also made Nescafe and introduced it to Switzerland.
Other Interesting Coffee Tidbits
Today the US-imports 70 percent of the world’s coffee crop. During W. W. Ⅱ, American soldiers were issued instant Maxwell House coffee in their ration kits.
In Italy, Achilles Gaggia perfected his espresso machine. The name Cappuccino comes from the resemblance of its color to the robes of the monks of the Capuchin order.
One week before Woodstock, the Manson family murdered coffee heiress Abigail Folger as she visited with her friend Sharon Tate in the home of filmmaker Roman Polanski.
The Coffee Trends
For the first time since 1990, the percentage of adults who drink a daily cup of java has topped the percentage of adults who drink soft drinks each day. Soft drink consumption decreased 6 percent, down to 51 percent last year, according to a random telephone survey conducted by the National Coffee Drinking Trends Repor which is sponsored by the National Coffee Association.
"Coffee is experiencing a new Renaissance," said Robert Nelson, president and CEO of the association "Coffee is gaining a higher profile among American consumers as they enjoy an expanding menu of option amid an exploding cafe culture."
Other increases include a continuing upward trend among 18 to 24-year-olds in daily consumption and among those who are ages 40 to 59 or over 60 there was an increase to 61 and 74 percent respectively.
The only age category to dip slightly was those aged 25 to 39 who cut back to 44 percent from 47 percent but this is still a higher rate of consumption over 2002. Overall consumption is the same as last year, 89 percent, a continuing rise over the last three years. Other trends spotted in the report are that weekly consumers are down 1 percent less (67 from 68) than 2006 while daily consumers are up 1 percent (48 over 47) and ground coffee is the preferred source for at-home brewing over instant coffee.
Gourmet coffee took a little dip to 14 percent, down from 16 percent in 2006 which some market researchers believe is because "gourmet coffee has become so mainstream it is perceived as ’regular coffee’ by the general public.\
The first mass-produced instant coffee was created by an English chemist in ______.